Archaeological excavations at the site complex of “Dali” – located in southeastern Kazakhstan – provide a rich picture of Bronze Age life spanning from the early third to late second millennia b.c. Nearly ten years of research at the site have produced an abundant assemblage of architectural remains, ritual and burial contexts, human and animal ancient DNA, as well as related economic, ceramic, and other forms of materiality.

Through the innovative use of "flow accumulation", the SAIE lab study maps the annual migration routes of Inner Asian mountain pastoralists from elevations of 750m to 4,000m to shed light on the evolution of “Silk Roads.” After aggregating 500 model iterations, we uncovered a high-resolution flow network that simulates how centuries of seasonal nomadic herding could have shaped discrete routes of connectivity across the seemingly uncrossable mountains of Asia. This sheds light on the possibility that the elevated stretches of the Silk Road may have evolved from ancient nomadic herding trails in Inner Asia.